45 ຄຳ ສັ່ງ Zypper ໃນການຈັດການການຈັດການການຈັດການແພັກເກັດ Linux


SUSE (Software ແລະ System Entwicklung (ເຢຍລະມັນ) ຊຶ່ງຫມາຍຄວາມວ່າ Software ແລະການພັດທະນາລະບົບ, ເປັນພາສາອັງກິດ) Linux ແມ່ນຢູ່ເທິງສຸດຂອງ Linux Kernel ທີ່ ນຳ ໂດຍ Novell. ຊູດມາໃນສອງຊອງ. ໜຶ່ງ ໃນນັ້ນເອີ້ນວ່າ OpenSUSE, ເຊິ່ງສາມາດໃຊ້ໄດ້ອຍ່າງອິສະລະ (ບໍ່ເສຍຄ່າໃນການປາກເວົ້າພ້ອມທັງບໍ່ເສຍຄ່າຄືກັບໃນເຫລົ້າ). ມັນແມ່ນໂຄງການທີ່ຂັບເຄື່ອນໂດຍຊຸມຊົນທີ່ເຕັມໄປດ້ວຍການສະ ໜັບ ສະ ໜູນ ການ ນຳ ໃຊ້ທີ່ລ້າສຸດ, ການປ່ອຍເວີຊັນຫຼ້າສຸດທີ່ ໝັ້ນ ຄົງຂອງ OpenSUSE Linux ແມ່ນ 13.2.

ອີກອັນ ໜຶ່ງ ແມ່ນ SUSE Linux Enterprise ເຊິ່ງເປັນ Linux Distribution ທີ່ອອກແບບເປັນສິນຄ້າທີ່ອອກແບບມາເປັນພິເສດ ສຳ ລັບວິສາຫະກິດແລະການຜະລິດ. SUSE Linux Edition Edition ມາພ້ອມກັບໂປແກຼມ Enterprise Enterprise ທີ່ຫລາກຫລາຍແລະມີຄຸນລັກສະນະທີ່ ເໝາະ ສົມກັບສະພາບແວດລ້ອມການຜະລິດ, ການປ່ອຍລຸ້ນ ໃໝ່ ຫຼ້າສຸດຂອງ SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition ແມ່ນ 12.

ທ່ານອາດຈະຕ້ອງການກວດເບິ່ງ ຄຳ ແນະ ນຳ ໃນການຕິດຕັ້ງລາຍລະອຽດຂອງ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server ທີ່:

<

  • ຕິດຕັ້ງ SUSE Linux Server Server 12
  • Zypper ແລະ YaST ແມ່ນຜູ້ຈັດການ Package ສຳ ລັບ SUSE Linux, ເຊິ່ງເຮັດວຽກຢູ່ເທິງສຸດຂອງ RPM.

    YaST ເຊິ່ງຫຍໍ້ມາຈາກ Yet ເຄື່ອງມືການຕັ້ງຄ່າອີກອັນ ໜຶ່ງ ແມ່ນເຄື່ອງມືທີ່ເຮັດວຽກກ່ຽວກັບ OpenSUSE ແລະ SUSE Enterprise edition ເພື່ອບໍລິຫານຈັດການແລະຕັ້ງຄ່າ SUSE Linux.

    Zypper ແມ່ນອິນເຕີເຟດເສັ້ນ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຂອງ ZYpp ຜູ້ຈັດການຊຸດ ສຳ ລັບຕິດຕັ້ງ, ຖອດແລະອັບເດດ SUSE. ZYpp ແມ່ນເຄື່ອງຈັກຄຸ້ມຄອງແພັກເກັດທີ່ໃຫ້ທັງ Zypper ແລະ YaST.

    ນີ້ໃນບົດຂຽນນີ້ພວກເຮົາຈະເຫັນ Zypper ໃນການກະ ທຳ ເຊິ່ງຈະມີການຕິດຕັ້ງ, ປັບປຸງ, ກຳ ຈັດແລະເຮັດທຸກຢ່າງທີ່ຜູ້ຈັດການຊຸດສາມາດເຮັດໄດ້. ນີ້ພວກເຮົາໄປ…

    ສິ່ງ ສຳ ຄັນ: ຈື່ໄວ້ວ່າ ຄຳ ສັ່ງທັງ ໝົດ ນີ້ມີຄວາມ ໝາຍ ສຳ ລັບການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງລະບົບຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງເພາະສະນັ້ນຕ້ອງໄດ້ ດຳ ເນີນການເປັນຮາກ, ຖ້າບໍ່ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຄຳ ສັ່ງກໍ່ຈະລົ້ມເຫລວ.

    ໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຂັ້ນພື້ນຖານກັບ Zypper

    1. ດໍາເນີນການ zypper ໂດຍບໍ່ມີທາງເລືອກໃດໆ, ຈະໃຫ້ທ່ານມີບັນຊີທາງເລືອກແລະຄໍາສັ່ງທົ່ວໂລກທັງ ໝົດ.

    # zypper
    
    Usage:
    	zypper [--global-options]

    2. ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອກ່ຽວກັບ ຄຳ ສັ່ງສະເພາະທີ່ເວົ້າວ່າ 'in' (ຕິດຕັ້ງ), ໃຫ້ ດຳ ເນີນການ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຂ້າງລຸ່ມນີ້.

    # zypper help in
    OR
    # zypper help install
    
    install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
    
    Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
    location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
    of <, <=, =, >=, >.
    
      Command options:
        --from <alias|#|URI>    Select packages from the specified repository.
    -r, --repo <alias|#|URI>    Load only the specified repository.
    -t, --type            Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
                                Default: package.
    -n, --name                  Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
    -C, --capability            Select packages by capability.
    -f, --force                 Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
                                downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
        --oldpackage            Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
                                Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
                                it will not enforce a reinstall.
        --replacefiles          Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
                                already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
                                as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
    ......
    

    3. ຄົ້ນຫາຊຸດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ gnome-desktop) ກ່ອນຕິດຕັ້ງ.

    # zypper se gnome-desktop
    
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done]
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done]
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done]
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    
    S | Name                                  | Summary                                                   | Type      
    --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----------
      | gnome-desktop2-lang                   | Languages for package gnome-desktop2                      | package   
      | gnome-desktop2                        | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-2-17                 | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3-10                 | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3-devel              | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files        | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common           | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files        | package   
      | gnome-desktop-debugsource             | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop                   | package   
      | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource      | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2            | package   
      | gnome-desktop2-debugsource            | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2                  | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo       | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17       | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo       | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10       | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17       | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10       | package   
      | gnome-desktop-sharp2                  | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop                        | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-2-devel              | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files        | package   
      | gnome-desktop-lang                    | Languages for package gnome-desktop                       | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit           | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package   
      | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit           | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | package   
      | gnome-desktop                         | The GNOME Desktop API Library                             | srcpackage
    
    

    4. ໄດ້ຮັບຂໍ້ມູນກ່ຽວກັບຊຸດຮູບແບບ (ເວົ້າວ່າ lamp_server) ໂດຍໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.

    # zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    
    
    Information for pattern lamp_server:
    ------------------------------------
    Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update
    Name: lamp_server
    Version: 20141007-5.1
    Arch: x86_64
    Vendor: openSUSE
    Installed: No
    Visible to User: Yes
    Summary: Web and LAMP Server
    Description: 
      Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL,
      and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl.
    Contents:
    
    S | Name                          | Type    | Dependency
    --+-------------------------------+---------+-----------
      | apache2-mod_php5              | package |           
      | php5-iconv                    | package |           
    i | patterns-openSUSE-base        | package |           
    i | apache2-prefork               | package |           
      | php5-dom                      | package |           
      | php5-mysql                    | package |           
    i | apache2                       | package |           
      | apache2-example-pages         | package |           
      | mariadb                       | package |           
      | apache2-mod_perl              | package |           
      | php5-ctype                    | package |           
      | apache2-doc                   | package |           
      | yast2-http-server             | package |           
      | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |    
    

    5. ເພື່ອເປີດກອງປະຊຸມແກະ zypper ດໍາເນີນການຄໍາສັ່ງຂ້າງລຸ່ມນີ້.

    # zypper shell
    OR
    # zypper sh
    
    zypper> help
      Usage:
    	zypper [--global-options]

    ໝາຍ ເຫດ: ໃນປະເພດແກະ Zypper 'ຊ່ວຍ' ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ບັນຊີລາຍຊື່ຂອງຕົວເລືອກແລະ ຄຳ ສັ່ງທົ່ວໂລກ.

    ການຄຸ້ມຄອງການຈັດເກັບຂໍ້ມູນ Zypper

    6. ໃຊ້ repos zypper repos ຫຼື zypper lr ເພື່ອລົງບັນຊີທຸກຫ້ອງທີ່ ກຳ ນົດໄວ້.

    # zypper repos
    OR
    # zypper lr
    
     | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh
    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No     
    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes    
    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes    
    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes    
    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes    
    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | Yes     | Yes    
    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes    
    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes    
    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes    
    

    7. ຂຽນ zypper URI ໃນຕາຕະລາງ.

    # zypper lr -u
    
    # | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh | URI                                                            
    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No      | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376    
    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 
    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/                
    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/        
    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/   
    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/       
    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/                      
    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes     | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/        
    

    8. ຈົດທະບຽນບູລິມະສິດຂອງຫໍໄຕແລະລາຍຊື່ຕາມບູລິມະສິດ.

    # zypper lr -P
    
    # | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh | Priority
    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------
    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No      |   99    
    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes     |   99    
    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes     |   99    
    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes     |   99    
    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes     |   85    
    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | Yes     | Yes     |   99    
    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes     |   99    
    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes     |   99    
    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes     |   99    
    

    9. ໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ zypper refresh ຫຼື zypper refresh ເພື່ອ refresh zypper repositories.

    # zypper refresh
    OR
    # zypper ref
    
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date.
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date.
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date.
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date.
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date.
    All repositories have been refreshed.
    

    10. ເພື່ອປັບປຸງຫໍໄຕສະເພາະທີ່ເວົ້າວ່າ 'repo-non-ooss', ພິມ:

    # zypper refresh repo-non-oss
    
    Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
    Specified repositories have been refreshed.
    

    11. ເພື່ອບັງຄັບປັບປຸງຫໍໄຕທີ່ກ່າວວ່າ 'repo-non-ooss', ພິມ:

    # zypper ref -f repo-non-oss 
    
    Forcing raw metadata refresh
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done]
    Forcing building of repository cache
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done]
    Specified repositories have been refreshed.
    

    ທີ່ນີ້, ພວກເຮົາໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ 'zypper modifyrepo' ຫຼື 'zypper mr' ເພື່ອປິດການໃຊ້ງານ, ເປີດໃຊ້ຫໍສະ ໝຸດ zypper.

    12. ກ່ອນທີ່ຈະປິດການ ນຳ ໃຊ້ຫໍສະ ໝຸດ, ທ່ານຕ້ອງຮູ້ວ່າໃນ Zypper, ທຸກໆຫໍໄຕມີ ຈຳ ນວນທີ່ເປັນເອກະລັກຂອງມັນ, ເຊິ່ງໃຊ້ເພື່ອປິດການໃຊ້ງານຫຼືເຮັດໃຫ້ຫໍສະມຸດ.

    ບອກວ່າທ່ານຕ້ອງການປິດຫໍສະມຸດ 'repo-oss', ເພື່ອປິດການ ທຳ ອິດທ່ານຕ້ອງການໃສ່ເບີຂອງມັນໂດຍການພິມ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.

    # zypper lr
    
    # | Alias                     | Name                               | Enabled | Refresh
    --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
    1 | openSUSE-13.2-0           | openSUSE-13.2-0                    | Yes     | No     
    2 | repo-debug                | openSUSE-13.2-Debug                | Yes     | Yes    
    3 | repo-debug-update         | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug         | No      | Yes    
    4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No      | Yes    
    5 | repo-non-oss              | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss              | Yes     | Yes    
    6 | repo-oss                  | openSUSE-13.2-Oss                  | No      | Yes    
    7 | repo-source               | openSUSE-13.2-Source               | No      | Yes    
    8 | repo-update               | openSUSE-13.2-Update               | Yes     | Yes    
    9 | repo-update-non-oss       | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss       | Yes     | Yes    
    

    ທ່ານເຫັນຢູ່ໃນຜົນຜະລິດຂ້າງເທິງນີ້, ວ່າຫໍສະມຸດ 'repo-ooss' ມີເລກທີ 6, ເພື່ອປິດການໃຊ້ງານນີ້ທ່ານຕ້ອງລະບຸເບີ 6 ພ້ອມກັບ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.

    # zypper mr -d 6
    
    Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
    

    13. ເພື່ອເປີດໃຊ້ຫໍສະມຸດດຽວກັນອີກຄັ້ງ 'repo-oss', ເຊິ່ງປະກົດຢູ່ທີ່ເລກ 6 (ດັ່ງທີ່ສະແດງຢູ່ໃນຕົວຢ່າງຂ້າງເທິງ).

    # zypper mr -e 6
    
    Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
    

    14. ເປີດໃຊ້ໄຟລ໌ໂຫຼດ ໜ້າ ຈໍຄືນໂດຍອັດຕະໂນມັດແລະ rpm 'caching' ສຳ ລັບ repo ເວົ້າ 'repo-non-ooss' ແລະຕັ້ງຄ່າບູລິມະສິດຂອງມັນໃຫ້ເວົ້າ 85.

    # zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss
    
    Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85)
    Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
    

    15. ປິດການໃຊ້ງານໄຟລ໌ rpm ສຳ ລັບຫໍສະມຸດທັງ ໝົດ.

    # zypper mr -Ka
    
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
    

    16. ເປີດໃຊ້ຖານຄວາມ ຈຳ ໄຟລ໌ rpm ສຳ ລັບຫໍສະມຸດທັງ ໝົດ.

    # zypper mr -ka
    
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
    

    17. ປິດການໃຊ້ງານ cache ຂອງໄຟລ໌ rpm ສຳ ລັບບ່ອນເກັບຂໍ້ມູນຫ່າງໄກສອກຫຼີກ.

    # zypper mr -Kt
    
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
    RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
    

    18. ເປີດໃຊ້ຖານຄວາມ ຈຳ ໄຟລ໌ rpm ສຳ ລັບບ່ອນເກັບຂໍ້ມູນຫ່າງໄກສອກຫຼີກ.

    # zypper mr -kt
    
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
    RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
    

    ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງໃດ ໜຶ່ງ ໃນສອງ ຄຳ ສັ່ງດັ່ງກ່າວ - 'zypper addrepo' ຫຼື 'zypper ar'. ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຊ້ repo url ຫຼື alias ເພື່ອເພີ່ມ Repository.

    19. ເພີ່ມຫໍສະ ໝຸດ ກ່າວວ່າ“ http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/”.

    # zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update
    
    Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done]
    Repository 'update' successfully added
    Enabled     : Yes                                      
    Autorefresh : No                                       
    GPG check   : Yes                                      
    URI         : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
    

    20. ປ່ຽນຊື່ຫໍພັກ. ມັນຈະປ່ຽນນາມແຝງເທົ່ານັ້ນ. ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ 'zypper namerepo' ຫຼື 'zypper nr'. ເພື່ອປ່ຽນຊື່ຫຍໍ້ຂອງ aka ປ່ຽນຊື່ repo ທີ່ປາກົດຢູ່ເລກ 10 (zypper lr) ເພື່ອອັບເດດ ໃໝ່ 8, ດຳ ເນີນການ ຄຳ ສັ່ງດ້ານລຸ່ມ.

    # zypper nr 10 upd8
    
    Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
    

    21. ເອົາບ່ອນເກັບມ້ຽນ. ມັນຈະເອົາຫໍໄຕອອກຈາກລະບົບ. ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ ‘zypper removerepo’ ຫຼື ‘zypper rr’. ເພື່ອເອົາ repo ເວົ້າວ່າ 'Update8', ດຳ ເນີນການ ຄຳ ສັ່ງດ້ານລຸ່ມ.

    # zypper rr upd8
    
    # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done]
    Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
    

    ການຄຸ້ມຄອງການຫຸ້ມຫໍ່ໂດຍໃຊ້ Zypper

    22. ດ້ວຍ Zypper, ພວກເຮົາສາມາດຕິດຕັ້ງແພກເກດອີງໃສ່ຊື່ຄວາມສາມາດ. ຕົວຢ່າງເຊັ່ນການຕິດຕັ້ງຊຸດ (ເວົ້າ Mozilla Firefox) ໂດຍໃຊ້ຊື່ຄວາມສາມາດ.

    # zypper in MozillaFirefox
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 
      gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita 
      gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0 
      libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0 
      libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0 
      libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2 
      liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1 
      libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0 
      libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1 
      libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0 
      metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop 
    
    The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
      gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0 
      PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin 
    
    128 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch                                                                                                   (1/128),  74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)]
    Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch                                                                                                (2/128),  40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done]
    Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch                                                                                            (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
    

    23. ຕິດຕັ້ງຊຸດ (ເວົ້າ gcc) ໂດຍໃຊ້ລຸ້ນ.

    # zypper in 'gcc<5.1'
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 
    
    13 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    

    24. ຕິດຕັ້ງຊຸດ (ເວົ້າ gcc) ສຳ ລັບສະຖາປັດຕະຍະ ກຳ (ເວົ້າ i586).

    # zypper in gcc.i586
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 
    
    13 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64                                                                                                  (1/13),  74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)]
    Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64                                                                                          (2/13),  14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]

    25. ຕິດຕັ້ງຊຸດ (ເວົ້າ gcc) ສຳ ລັບສະຖາປັດຕະຍະ ກຳ ສະເພາະ (ເວົ້າວ່າ i586) ແລະຮຸ່ນສະເພາະ (ເວົ້າ <5.1),

    # zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1'
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 
    
    13 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB  After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                        (1/13),  74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
    In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm                                           (2/13),  14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
    In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm                                             (3/13),  41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
    

    26. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພກເກດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ libxine) ຈາກຫໍໄຕ (amarok).

    # zypper in amarok upd:libxine1
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme 
      hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4 
      kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l
    .....
    

    27. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພກເກດ (ເວົ້າ git) ໂດຍໃຊ້ຊື່ (-n).

    # zypper in -n git
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI 
      perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl 
      tk xhost 
    
    The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected:
      git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement 
    
    The following package is suggested, but will not be installed:
      git-daemon 
    
    35 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    

    28. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພກເກດໂດຍໃຊ້ຕົວແທນ. ຍົກຕົວຢ່າງ, ຕິດຕັ້ງ php5 ທຸກຊຸດ.

    # zypper in php5*
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
      uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
                       postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
                       sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
                       exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
                       msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
                       postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
                       sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
                       exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
                       msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
                       postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
                       sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
                       postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
                       postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
     Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
      do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
      do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
      do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
    ....
    

    29. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພັກເກດ (ເວົ້າວ່າໂຄມໄຟ - ໃຊ້) ໂດຍໃຊ້ຮູບແບບ (ກຸ່ມຂອງແພັກເກດ).

    # zypper in -t pattern lamp_server
    
    ading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser 
      perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid 
      perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server 
    
    The following NEW pattern is going to be installed:
      lamp_server 
    
    The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
      apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server 
    
    29 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB  After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): 
    

    30. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພັກເກດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ nano) ແລະຖອດຊຸດ (ເວົ້າ vi) ອອກໄປໃນອັນດຽວ.

    # zypper in nano -vi
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities.
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      nano nano-lang 
    
    The following package is going to be REMOVED:
      vim 
    
    The following recommended package was automatically selected:
      nano-lang 
    
    2 new packages to install, 1 to remove.
    Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): 
    ...
    

    31. ຕິດຕັ້ງຊຸດ rpm (ເວົ້າວ່າ teamviewer).

    # zypper in teamviewer*.rpm
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit 
      libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit 
      libz1-32bit teamviewer 
    
    The following recommended package was automatically selected:
      alsa-oss-32bit 
    
    24 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B  After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): 
    ..
    

    32. ເພື່ອ ກຳ ຈັດຊຸດໃດ ໜຶ່ງ, ທ່ານສາມາດໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ 'zypper remove' ຫຼື 'zypper rm'. ຕົວຢ່າງ, ເພື່ອເອົາຊຸດ (ເວົ້າ apache2), ດໍາເນີນການ:

    # zypper remove apache2
    Or
    # zypper rm apache2
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED:
      apache2 apache2-prefork 
    
    2 packages to remove.
    After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done]
    (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
    

    33. ປັບປຸງທຸກຊຸດ. ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ 'zypper update' ຫຼື 'zypper up'.

    # zypper up
    OR
    # zypper update
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Nothing to do.
    

    34. ປັບປຸງຊຸດສະເພາະ (ເວົ້າ apache2 ແລະ openssh).

    # zypper up apache2 openssh
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
    No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    Nothing to do.
    

    35. ຕິດຕັ້ງຊຸດກ່າວ (mariadb) ຖ້າບໍ່ໄດ້ຕິດຕັ້ງ, ຖ້າຕິດຕັ້ງປັບປຸງມັນ.

    # zypper in mariadb
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    'mariadb' is already installed.
    No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    Nothing to do.
    

    ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ 'zypper-install' ຫຼື 'zypper si' ເພື່ອສ້າງແພັກເກດຈາກແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ.

    36. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພັກເກດແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນແລະສ້າງຄວາມເພິ່ງພາອາໃສຂອງພວກມັນ ສຳ ລັບແພັກເກດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ mariadb).

    # zypper si mariadb
    
    Reading installed packages...
    Loading repository data...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 
      libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel 
    
    The following source package is going to be installed:
      mariadb 
    
    36 new packages to install, 1 source package.
    Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB  After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    

    37. ຕິດຕັ້ງພຽງແຕ່ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ ສຳ ລັບຊຸດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ mariadb).

    # zypper in -D mariadb
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    'mariadb' is already installed.
    No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    Nothing to do.
    

    38. ຕິດຕັ້ງພຽງແຕ່ເພິ່ງພາອາໄສການກໍ່ສ້າງ ສຳ ລັບແພັກເກດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ mariadb).

    # zypper si -d mariadb
    
    Reading installed packages...
    Loading repository data...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 
      libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel 
    
    The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues:
      readline-doc 
    
    36 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB  After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    

    39. ຕິດຕັ້ງແພັກເກດ (ເວົ້າວ່າ mariadb) ໂດຍບໍ່ມີການໂຕ້ຕອບຂອງຜູ້ໃຊ້.

    # zypper --non-interactive in mariadb
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    'mariadb' is already installed.
    No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    Nothing to do.
    

    40. ເອົາແພັກເກັດອອກ (ເວົ້າວ່າ mariadb) ໂດຍບໍ່ມີການໂຕ້ຕອບຂອງຜູ້ໃຊ້.

    # zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following package is going to be REMOVED:
      mariadb 
    
    1 package to remove.
    After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
    

    41. ຜົນຜະລິດ zypper ໃນ xml.

    # zypper --xmlout
    
    
    
      Usage:
    	zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments]
    
      Global Options
    ....
    

    42. ສ້າງຜົນຜະລິດທີ່ງຽບສະຫງັດໃນເວລາຕິດຕັ້ງ.

    # zypper --quiet in mariadb
    
    The following NEW package is going to be installed:
      mariadb 
    
    1 new package to install.
    Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB  After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): 
    ...
    

    43. ສ້າງຜົນຜະລິດທີ່ງຽບສະຫງົບທີ່ UN-install.

    # zypper --quiet rm mariadb
    

    44. ຕົກລົງເຫັນດີໂດຍອັດຕະໂນມັດຕໍ່ໃບອະນຸຍາດ/ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງ.

    # zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
    
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    Nothing to do.
    

    45. ຖ້າທ່ານຕ້ອງການ ທຳ ຄວາມສະອາດ cache zypper ເທົ່ານັ້ນ, ທ່ານສາມາດໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.

    # zypper clean
    
    All repositories have been cleaned up.
    

    ຖ້າທ່ານຕ້ອງການ ທຳ ຄວາມສະອາດຂໍ້ມູນ metadata ແລະ package cache ໃນເວລາດຽວກັນທ່ານອາດຈະຢາກຜ່ານ –all/-a ກັບ zypper ຄື.

    # zypper clean -a
    
    All repositories have been cleaned up.
    

    46. ເພື່ອເບິ່ງບັນທຶກຂອງບັນດາຊຸດທີ່ຕິດຕັ້ງ, ປັບປຸງຫຼືລຶບອອກຜ່ານ zypper, ແມ່ນເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບ/var/log/zypp/history. ທ່ານອາດຈະ cat ມັນເພື່ອເບິ່ງຫຼືອາດຈະໃຊ້ຕົວກອງເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ຜົນຜະລິດຕາມໃຈ.

    # cat /var/log/zypp/history
    
    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096|
    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c|
    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342|
    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9|
    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a|
    2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020|
    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1|
    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d|
    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a|
    2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa|
    ......
    

    47. ທ່ານສາມາດໃຊ້ຕົວເລືອກ 'dist-upgrade' ດ້ວຍ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ zypper ເພື່ອຍົກລະດັບ Linux Suse ຂອງທ່ານໃຫ້ເປັນລຸ້ນ ໃໝ່ ຫຼ້າສຸດ.

    # zypper dist-upgrade
    
    You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command.
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done]
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done]
    Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
    

    ດຽວນີ້ ໝົດ ແລ້ວ. ຫວັງວ່າບົດຄວາມນີ້ຈະຊ່ວຍທ່ານໃນການຈັດການກັບ SUSE System ແລະ Server ຂອງທ່ານໂດຍສະເພາະ ສຳ ລັບຄົນ ໃໝ່. ຖ້າທ່ານຮູ້ສຶກວ່າຂ້າພະເຈົ້າປະຖິ້ມ ຄຳ ສັ່ງບາງຢ່າງ (ມະນຸດແມ່ນຜິດພາດ) ທ່ານອາດຈະໃຫ້ ຄຳ ແນະ ນຳ ກັບພວກເຮົາໃນ ຄຳ ເຫັນເພື່ອໃຫ້ພວກເຮົາປັບປຸງບົດຂຽນ. ຮັກສາການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່, ໃຫ້ ຄຳ ຄິດເຫັນ, ຕິດຕາມກັນຕໍ່ໄປ. ກູດ!