ວິທີການສະແກນ Rootkits, Backdoors ແລະການຂຸດຄົ້ນໂດຍໃຊ້ Rootkit Hunter ໃນ Linux
Guys, ຖ້າທ່ານເປັນຜູ້ອ່ານ linux-console.net ປົກກະຕິທ່ານຈະສັງເກດເຫັນວ່ານີ້ແມ່ນບົດຂຽນທີສາມຂອງພວກເຮົາກ່ຽວກັບເຄື່ອງມືຄວາມປອດໄພ. ໃນສອງບົດຂຽນທີ່ຜ່ານມາຂອງພວກເຮົາ, ພວກເຮົາໄດ້ໃຫ້ ຄຳ ແນະ ນຳ ທຸກຢ່າງແກ່ທ່ານໃນການປ້ອງກັນລະບົບ Apache ແລະ Linux ຈາກການໂຈມຕີຈາກ Malware, DOS, ແລະ DDOS ໂດຍໃຊ້ LMD (Linux Malware Detect).
ອີກເທື່ອ ໜຶ່ງ ພວກເຮົາມາແນະ ນຳ ເຄື່ອງມືຄວາມປອດໄພ ໃໝ່ ທີ່ມີຊື່ວ່າ Rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter). ບົດຂຽນນີ້ຈະແນະ ນຳ ທ່ານກ່ຽວກັບວິທີການຕິດຕັ້ງແລະ ກຳ ຫນົດຄ່າ RKH (RootKit Hunter) ໃນລະບົບ Linux ໂດຍໃຊ້ລະຫັດແຫຼ່ງ.
Rkhunter ແມ່ນຫຍັງ?
Rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) ແມ່ນເຄື່ອງມືສະແກນເນີທີ່ເປີດໃຊ້ Unix/Linux ສຳ ລັບລະບົບ Linux ທີ່ປ່ອຍອອກມາພາຍໃຕ້ GPL ທີ່ສະແກນທາງຫລັງ, rootkits ແລະການຂູດຮີດທ້ອງຖິ່ນໃນລະບົບຂອງທ່ານ.
ມັນສະແກນເອກະສານທີ່ຖືກປິດບັງ, ຂໍ້ອະນຸຍາດທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງຖືກຕັ້ງໃສ່ໄບນາລີ, ສາຍທີ່ ໜ້າ ສົງໄສໃນແກ່ນ, ແລະອື່ນໆ.
ຕິດຕັ້ງເຄື່ອງສະແກນ Rootkit Hunter ໃນ Linux Systems
ກ່ອນອື່ນ ໝົດ, ດາວໂລດເຄື່ອງມື Rkhunter ຮຸ່ນຫຼ້າສຸດທີ່ ໝັ້ນ ຄົງໂດຍເຂົ້າໄປທີ່ http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net/ ຫຼືໃຊ້ ຄຳ ສັ່ງ Wget ຂ້າງລຸ່ມເພື່ອດາວໂຫລດມັນຢູ່ໃນລະບົບຂອງທ່ານ.
# cd /tmp # wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/rkhunter/rkhunter/1.4.6/rkhunter-1.4.6.tar.gz
ເມື່ອທ່ານໄດ້ດາວໂຫລດເວີຊັນລ້າສຸດ, ໃຫ້ ດຳ ເນີນການ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້ເປັນຜູ້ ນຳ ໃຊ້ຮາກເພື່ອຕິດຕັ້ງມັນ.
# tar -xvf rkhunter-1.4.6.tar.gz # cd rkhunter-1.4.6 # ./installer.sh --layout default --install
Checking system for: Rootkit Hunter installer files: found A web file download command: wget found Starting installation: Checking installation directory "/usr/local": it exists and is writable. Checking installation directories: Directory /usr/local/share/doc/rkhunter-1.4.2: creating: OK Directory /usr/local/share/man/man8: exists and is writable. Directory /etc: exists and is writable. Directory /usr/local/bin: exists and is writable. Directory /usr/local/lib64: exists and is writable. Directory /var/lib: exists and is writable. Directory /usr/local/lib64/rkhunter/scripts: creating: OK Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/db: creating: OK Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/tmp: creating: OK Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/db/i18n: creating: OK Directory /var/lib/rkhunter/db/signatures: creating: OK Installing check_modules.pl: OK Installing filehashsha.pl: OK Installing stat.pl: OK Installing readlink.sh: OK Installing backdoorports.dat: OK Installing mirrors.dat: OK Installing programs_bad.dat: OK Installing suspscan.dat: OK Installing rkhunter.8: OK Installing ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: OK Installing CHANGELOG: OK Installing FAQ: OK Installing LICENSE: OK Installing README: OK Installing language support files: OK Installing ClamAV signatures: OK Installing rkhunter: OK Installing rkhunter.conf: OK Installation complete
ດໍາເນີນການປັບປຸງ RKH ເພື່ອຕື່ມຂໍ້ມູນໃສ່ຄຸນສົມບັດຂອງຖານຂໍ້ມູນໂດຍການແລ່ນຄໍາສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.
# /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --update # /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --propupd
[ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ] Checking rkhunter data files... Checking file mirrors.dat [ Updated ] Checking file programs_bad.dat [ No update ] Checking file backdoorports.dat [ No update ] Checking file suspscan.dat [ No update ] Checking file i18n/cn [ No update ] Checking file i18n/de [ No update ] Checking file i18n/en [ No update ] Checking file i18n/tr [ No update ] Checking file i18n/tr.utf8 [ No update ] Checking file i18n/zh [ No update ] Checking file i18n/zh.utf8 [ No update ] Checking file i18n/ja [ No update ] File created: searched for 177 files, found 131, missing hashes 1
ສ້າງແຟ້ມເອກະສານທີ່ມີຊື່ວ່າ rkhunter.sh ພາຍໃຕ້ /etc/cron.daily/ ເຊິ່ງຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນຈະສະແກນລະບົບແຟ້ມຂອງທ່ານທຸກໆວັນແລະສົ່ງແຈ້ງການທາງອີເມວໄປຍັງ id ອີເມວຂອງທ່ານ. ສ້າງເອກະສານຕໍ່ໄປນີ້ໂດຍການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຂອງບັນນາທິການທີ່ທ່ານມັກ.
# vi /etc/cron.daily/rkhunter.sh
ຕື່ມສາຍຂອງລະຫັດຕໍ່ໄປນີ້ໃສ່ມັນແລະປ່ຽນ“ YourServerNameHere” ດ້ວຍ“ Server Server” ແລະ“ email email” ຂອງທ່ານກັບ“ Email Email ຂອງທ່ານ”.
#!/bin/sh ( /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --versioncheck /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --update /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --cronjob --report-warnings-only ) | /bin/mail -s 'rkhunter Daily Run (PutYourServerNameHere)' [email
ຕັ້ງຄ່າການອະນຸຍາດ ດຳ ເນີນການໃນເອກະສານ.
# chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/rkhunter.sh
ເພື່ອສະແກນລະບົບເອກະສານທັງ ໝົດ, ໃຫ້ແລ່ນ Rkhunter ເປັນຜູ້ ນຳ ໃຊ້ຮາກ.
# rkhunter --check
[ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ]
Checking system commands...
Performing 'strings' command checks
Checking 'strings' command [ OK ]
Performing 'shared libraries' checks
Checking for preloading variables [ None found ]
Checking for preloaded libraries [ None found ]
Checking LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable [ Not found ]
Performing file properties checks
Checking for prerequisites [ OK ]
/usr/local/bin/rkhunter [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/adduser [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/chkconfig [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/chroot [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/depmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/fsck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/fuser [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupadd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupdel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/groupmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/grpck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ifconfig [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ifdown [ Warning ]
/usr/sbin/ifup [ Warning ]
/usr/sbin/init [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/insmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/ip [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/lsmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/lsof [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/modinfo [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/modprobe [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/nologin [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/pwck [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/rmmod [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/route [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/rsyslogd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/runlevel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sestatus [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sshd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sulogin [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/sysctl [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/tcpd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/useradd [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/userdel [ OK ]
/usr/sbin/usermod [ OK ]
....
[Press to continue]
Checking for rootkits...
Performing check of known rootkit files and directories
55808 Trojan - Variant A [ Not found ]
ADM Worm [ Not found ]
AjaKit Rootkit [ Not found ]
Adore Rootkit [ Not found ]
aPa Kit [ Not found ]
.....
[Press to continue]
Performing additional rootkit checks
Suckit Rookit additional checks [ OK ]
Checking for possible rootkit files and directories [ None found ]
Checking for possible rootkit strings [ None found ]
....
[Press to continue]
Checking the network...
Performing checks on the network ports
Checking for backdoor ports [ None found ]
....
Performing system configuration file checks
Checking for an SSH configuration file [ Found ]
Checking if SSH root access is allowed [ Warning ]
Checking if SSH protocol v1 is allowed [ Warning ]
Checking for a running system logging daemon [ Found ]
Checking for a system logging configuration file [ Found ]
Checking if syslog remote logging is allowed [ Not allowed ]
...
System checks summary
=====================
File properties checks...
Files checked: 137
Suspect files: 6
Rootkit checks...
Rootkits checked : 383
Possible rootkits: 0
Applications checks...
Applications checked: 5
Suspect applications: 2
The system checks took: 5 minutes and 38 seconds
All results have been written to the log file: /var/log/rkhunter.log
One or more warnings have been found while checking the system.
Please check the log file (/var/log/rkhunter.log)
ຄຳ ສັ່ງຂ້າງເທິງນີ້ສ້າງແຟ້ມ log ພາຍໃຕ້ /var/log/rkhunter.log ດ້ວຍຜົນການກວດສອບທີ່ເຮັດໂດຍ Rkhunter.
# cat /var/log/rkhunter.log
[11:21:04] Running Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 on tecmint [11:21:04] [11:21:04] Info: Start date is Mon Dec 21 11:21:04 AM IST 2020 [11:21:04] [11:21:04] Checking configuration file and command-line options... [11:21:04] Info: Detected operating system is 'Linux' [11:21:04] Info: Found O/S name: Fedora release 33 (Thirty Three) [11:21:04] Info: Command line is /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --check [11:21:04] Info: Environment shell is /bin/bash; rkhunter is using bash [11:21:04] Info: Using configuration file '/etc/rkhunter.conf' [11:21:04] Info: Installation directory is '/usr/local' [11:21:04] Info: Using language 'en' [11:21:04] Info: Using '/var/lib/rkhunter/db' as the database directory [11:21:04] Info: Using '/usr/local/lib64/rkhunter/scripts' as the support script directory [11:21:04] Info: Using '/usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /bin /sbin /usr/libexec /usr/local/libexec' as the command directories [11:21:04] Info: Using '/var/lib/rkhunter/tmp' as the temporary directory [11:21:04] Info: No mail-on-warning address configured [11:21:04] Info: X will be automatically detected [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'basename' command: /usr/bin/basename [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'diff' command: /usr/bin/diff [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'dirname' command: /usr/bin/dirname [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'file' command: /usr/bin/file [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'find' command: /usr/bin/find [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ifconfig' command: /usr/sbin/ifconfig [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ip' command: /usr/sbin/ip [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ipcs' command: /usr/bin/ipcs [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'ldd' command: /usr/bin/ldd [11:21:04] Info: Found the 'lsattr' command: /usr/bin/lsattr ...
ສຳ ລັບຂໍ້ມູນເພີ່ມເຕີມແລະທາງເລືອກກະລຸນາ ດຳ ເນີນການ ຄຳ ສັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້.
# rkhunter --help
ຖ້າທ່ານມັກບົດຄວາມນີ້, ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນການແລກປ່ຽນແມ່ນວິທີທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງທີ່ຈະເວົ້າຂອບໃຈ.